Judith married Vladislav (Wladyslaw) av Polen, "Vladislav 1" about 1083. Vladislav (son of Casimir Karol, "Casimir 1" and Maria Dobronega av Kiev) was born about 1044; died on 4 Jun 1102. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Boleslav (Boleslaw) av Polen, "Boleslav 3" was born on 20 Aug 1086; died on 28 Oct 1138.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Bef 1092, Böhmen, Tsjekkia; Hertug og konge.

Notes:

Occupation:
Vratislaus (or Wratislaus) 2 (Czech: Vratislav 2.) (d. 14 January 1092), the son of Bretislaus 1 and Judith of Schweinfurt, was the first King of Bohemia as of 15 June 1085. The royal title was merely a lifetime grant from Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, however, and was not hereditary. Before being raised to the royal dignity, he had ruled Bohemia as duke since 1061.

On his father's death in 1055, Vratislaus became duke of Olomouc. He fell out with his brother Spytihnev 2 and was exiled to Hungary. Vratislaus regained his Moravian ducal throne with Hungarian assistance and eventually reconciled with his brother and succeeded him as duke of Bohemia.

Vratislaus was an ally of the Emperor Henry 4. He supported Henry in both the Investiture Controversy against the popes and the rebellions in Saxony that dominated his long reign. Pope Gregory 7, having already gained the support of Boleslaw 2 of Poland, was keen on roping in the duke of Bohemia to surround the emperor with adversaries fighting for the church. The pope confirmed Vratislaus in the privilege of wearing the mitre and tunic which his predecessors had. The pope also expressed gratitude for the regular payment of tribute to the Holy See.

Vratislaus was often at odds with his brother Jaromír, the bishop of Prague, and he wore his religious vestments around the bishop to irritate him. Jaromír, for his part, ignored the creation of a new Moravian diocese by Vratislaus in 1063. Jaromir even went so far as to take by arms the relics removed from Prague to Moravia. Despite the pope's support for Vratislaus' new see, the Bohemian duke was unswayed in his loyalty to the emperor.

The Saxons revolted under Duke Magnus of Saxony and Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria, in 1070 and Boleslaus of Poland attacked Bohemia in 1071. In August 1073, Henry responded with an invasion of Poland, but a new Saxon revolt drew him back in 1075. Vratislaus joined him, and they defeated the rebels on 9 June at the First Battle of Langensalza. The Bohemian troops showed conspicuous bravery. Henry then took Jaromír to Germany to be his chancellor under the name of Gebhard and Vratislaus was greatly relieved.

Vratislaus also took part in the wars against the anti-kings who opposed Henry's rule and were elected by a faction of the nobility to replace him. At the Battle of Flarchheim, only through the aid of Vratislaus' contingent was the imperial army capable of overcoming the rebels of the papally-approved claimant Rudolf of Rheinfelden, Duke of Swabia. Vratislaus even succeeded in seizing Rudolf's golden sword. The golden sword was then carried in front of Vratislaus on state occasions.

Vratislaus raised an army to serve in Henry's Italian campaign of 1081. In 1083, Vratislaus and his Bohemians were with Henry when they entered Rome itself.

Despite his serving an excommunicated emperor, Vratislaus maintained good relations with the papacy. Nonetheless, Gregory refused to grant Vratislaus permission to use the Slavonic liturgy. Never, however, did Vratislaus link his fate with that of Henry's antipope, Clement 3.

Vratislaus coveted the largely Slavic marches of Meissen and Lusatia, but, in spite of Henry's promises and Bohemian successes against the rebellious margraves, he never received them. He held Lower Lusatia between 1075 and 1086, but in 1088, with the insurrection of Egbert 2 of Meissen, Henry granted the region to Henry of Ostmark. Vratislaus was thereafter cool to Henry's military adventures. He never wavered in his loyalty, but he abstained from giving the emperor martial aid.

It was a Premyslid tradition that Moravia would be entrusted to the younger brothers of the ruling prince. In Vratislaus' case, his 2 younger brothers Conrad and Otto inherited Brno and Olomouc and the youngest, Jaromír, entered the church. However, enmity grew between the brothers. It was then that Vratislaus founded the diocese of Olmütz (diocese of Olomouc), under the Archbishopric of Mainz, to counter Otto's authority within his province. Both pope and emperor took a hand in mediating the conflict, which was partially fixed with Henry's appointment of Jaromír as chancellor in 1077. In April 1085, a reichstag convened in Mainz suppressed the Moravian see, but Vratislaus later re-founded see. Jaromír protested in Rome to Pope Urban 2, but died in 1090 before a pope ruled on the matter.

Sadly for Vratislaus, his last years were occupied by dynastic quarrelling. When his brother Otto died in 1086, he gave Olomouc to his son Boleslaus, which was seen to be an act against the interests of Conrad. Vratislaus raised an army against Conrad and sent it out under his other son Bretislaus. This son turned on him. Vratislaus, in keeping with Bohemian custom, designated an heir: Conrad. Thus reconciled, the two attacked Bretislaus, who fled to Hungary.

Vratislaus died of a hunting wound on 14 January 1092 after a reign of thirty years. He was buried in St. Peter and Paul's Church, Vyšehrad.

By (re)creation of the Bishopric of Olomouc (1063) and creation of the Vyšehrad Chapter (1070 - richly endowed, independent from the Prague bishop, subjected directly to the Holy See) and also by his obstinacy in conflict with the Prague bishop Jaromír, Vratislaus ultimately little depressed importance of bishop of Prague in domestic Bohemian politics, enabling thus more unified rule over the country for all following dukes and kings. Vratislaus's policy towards the Holy Roman Empire set an example to follow for the next (12th) century, leading ultimately to permanent elevation of Bohemia to kingdom in the beginning of 13th century. His marriage policy not only shows the rising position of Premyslids among European dynasties (Vratislaus's father Bretislaus had to abduct his wife Judith of Schweinfurt in 1019), but also set direction for his followers (as to dynastic bonds to pursue towards Poland and Hungary).

Vratislaus was married 3 times.

His first wife Maria died during premature childbirth.

He married the second time in 1057 to Adelaide, daughter of Andrew 1 of Hungary, who died in 1061. They had 4 children:

1. Vratislaus (-1061).

2. Judith (1056/58-1086), married to Ladislaus I Herman, son of Casimir 1 of Poland.

3. Ludmila (-after 1100).

4. Bretislaus 2 of Bohemia (c. 1060–December 22, 1100), Duke of Bohemia.

In 1062, Vratislaus married a third time to Swatawa of Poland, a daughter of Casimir 1 of Poland. They had 5 children:

1. Boleslaus (-1091).

2. Borivoj 2 of Bohemia (c. 1064-February 2, 1124), Duke of Bohemia.

3. Vladislaus 1 of Bohemia (-April 12, 1125), Duke of Bohemia.

4. Sobeslav 1 of Bohemia (-February 14, 1140), Duke of Bohemia.

5. Judith (c. 1066-9 December 1108), married to Wiprecht 2 of Groitzsch.

Vratislav married Adelheide av Ungarn about 1055. Adelheide (daughter of Andreas av Ungarn, "Andreas 1" and Anastasia av Kiev) was born about 1038; died about 1062. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Bef 1055, Böhmen, Tsjekkia; Hertug.

Notes:

Occupation:
Bretislaus 1 (Czech: Bretislav 1.) (1002/1005 – 10 January 1055), known as the Bohemian Achilles, of the house of the Premyslids, was Duke of Bohemia from 1035 until his death.

Bretislaus was the son of Duke Oldrich and his low-born concubine Bozena. As an illegitimate son could not obtain a desirable wife by conventional means, he chose to kidnap his future wife Judith of Schweinfurt (Czech: Jitka), a daughter of the Bavarian noble Henry of Schweinfurt, Margrave of Nordgau, in 1019 at Schweinfurt.

During his father’s reign, in 1019 or 1029, Bretislaus took back Moravia from Poland. About 1031 he invaded Hungary in order to prevent its expansion under king Stephen. The partition of Bohemia between Old?ich and his brother Jaromír in 1034 was probably the reason why Bretislaus fled beyond the Bohemian border, only to come back to take the throne after Jaromír’s abdication.

In 1035 Bretislaus helped Emperor Conrad 2 in his war against the Lusatians. In 1039 he invaded Little and Great Poland, captured Poznan and sacked Gniezno, bringing the relics of St. Adalbert, Radim Gaudentius and the Five Brothers back with him. On the way back he conquered part of Silesia including Wroclaw (Czech: Vratislav). His main goal was to set up an archbishopric in Prague and create a large state subject only to the Holy Roman Empire. His raid had an unintended enduring influence on Polish history, as the plundering and destruction of Gniezno pushed the next Polish rulers to move their capital to Kraków, which would retain this role for many centuries ahead.

In 1040 the German King Henry 3 invaded Bohemia, but was forced to retreat after he lost the battle at Brudek (a pass in the Bohemian Forest). The following year Henry 3 invaded again, skirted the border defences and laid siege to Bretislaus in Prague. Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by his bishop, Bretislaus had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia and recognize Henry 3 as his sovereign.

In 1047, Emperor Henry 3 negotiated a peace treaty between Bretislaus and the Poles. This pact worked in Bretislaus' favour, as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno.

Bretislaus was the author of decrees concerning the rules of Christianization, which included a ban on polygamy and trade on holidays.

It was in 1030 that Bretislaus married the afore-mentioned Judith.

Before his death, Bretislaus organised the succession (in 1054) and issued the famous Seniority Law, introducing agnatic seniority for order of succession. Younger members of the dynasty were supposed to govern fiefs (technically, parts of Moravia), but only at the Duke's discretion. Result of this institution was relative indivisibility of the Czech lands, but also alternation of rules of stronger (or perhaps more political) dukes with periods of bitter fraction wars of members of the dynasty. It was effectively ended by elevation of Bohemia to kingdom under Ottokar 1 of Bohemia, when primogeniture became the ruling principle.

His eldest son Spytihnev was to succeed him as Duke of Bohemia with control over that territory. Moravia was incorporated into the Bohemian duchy, but divided between three of his younger sons. The Olomouc Appanage went to Vratislaus; the Znojmo Appanage went to Konrad; and the Brno Appanage went to Otto. The youngest son, Jaromír, entered the church and became Bishop of Prague.

Bretislaus died at Chrudim in 1055 during his preparation for another invasion of Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihnev 2 as Duke of Bohemia. His younger children were left the region of Moravia. Otto and Vratislav were shut out of the government by Spytihnev, but after his death both gained control of Moravia and Bohemia, respectively.

Bretislav married Judith av Böhmen. Judith died about 1058. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: 1038, Ungarn; Konge.

Notes:

Occupation:
Andrew 1 the White or the Catholic (Hungarian: 1. Fehér or Katolikus András or Endre; c. 1015 – Zirc, before 6 December 1060) was King of Hungary from 1046 to 1060. He descended from a younger branch of the Árpád dynasty. After spending 15 years in exile, he ascended the throne during an extensive revolt of the pagan Hungarians. He strengthened the position of Christianity in the Kingdom of Hungary and successfully defended its independence against the Holy Roman Empire.

His efforts to ensure the succession of his son, Solomon, resulted in the open revolt of his brother, Béla. Béla dethroned Andrew by force in 1060. Andrew suffered severe injuries during the fighting and died before his brother was crowned king.

Medieval sources provide two contradictory reports of the parents of Andrew, and his two brothers, Levente and Béla. For instance, the Chronicle of Zagreb and Saint Gerard's Life write that their father was Vazul, a grandson of Taksony, Grand Prince of the Hungarians (r. c. 955–c. 970). The Illuminated Chronicle and other medieval sources write of Vazul's relationship with "some girl" from the Tátony clan who bore his sons, who thus were not born of a true marriage-bed. According to a concurrent tradition, which has been preserved by most chronicles, the three princes were the sons of Vazul's brother, Ladislas the Bald. Modern historians, who reject the latter report, agree that Andrew and his brothers were the sons of Vazul and his concubine from the Tátony clan. According to the historian Gyula Kristó, Andrew was the second among Vazul's three sons. He writes that Andrew was born around 1015.

According to medieval chronicles, Vazul was blinded during the reign of his cousin, King Stephen 1, the first Christian monarch of Hungary (r. 997–1038). The king ordered Vazul's mutilation after the death, in 1031, of Emeric, his only son surviving infancy. The contemporary Annals of Altaich writes that the king himself ordered the mutilation of one of his kinsmen, who had strong claim to the throne, in an attempt to ensure a peaceful succession to his own sister's son, Peter Orseolo. The same source adds that the king expelled his blinded cousin's three sons from Hungary. According to the contrasting report of the Hungarian chronicles, King Stephen wanted to save the young princes' lives from their enemies in the royal court and counselled them with all speed to depart from Hungary.

Having his own son died in his father's life, and having no other sons, Stephen, the king of good memory, who was the maternal uncle of [Peter Orseolo], adopted and appointed him as heir to his kingdom. For his kinsman's son disagreed with him on this, [Stephen] had him blinded, even if he was worthier of the kingdom, and sent his little sons into exile.

— Annals of Altaich.

Exiled from Hungary, Andrew and his brothers settled in the court of Duke Oldrich of Bohemia (r. 1012–1033). Here they came across King Mieszko 2 of Poland (r. 1025–1031, 1032–1034) who likewise took refuge in Bohemia after his opponents had expelled him from his kingdom. The Polish monarch regained his crown and returned to Poland in 1032. Andrew, Béla and Levente, whose condition of life was poor and mean in Bohemia, followed Mieszko II who received them kindly and honourably in Poland.After the youngest among them, Béla, married a daughter of Mieszko II, Andrew and Levente decided to depart from Poland, because they felt that they would be living in Poland under their brother's shadow, according to Simon of Kéza.

Hungarian chronicles have preserved a story full of fabulous or anachronistic details of the two brothers' ensuing wanderings. For instance, they narrate that Andrew and Levente were captured by Cumans, but the latter only arrived in Europe in the 1050s. Having faced many hardships, Andrew and Levente established themselves in the court of Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev (r. 1019–1054) in the late 1030s. The grand prince gave his daughter, Anastasia in marriage to Andrew. Kristó writes that Andrew, who had up to that time remained pagan, was baptized on this occasion.

Having received permission from (the Polish monarch, Andrew and Levente) left their brother (Béla) behind and made their way to the King of Lodomeria, who did not receive them. Since they had nowhere to lay their head, they went from there to the (Cumans). Seeing that they were persons of excellent bearing, the (Cumans) thought that they had come to spy out the land, and unless a captive Hungarian had recognized them, they should certainly have killed them; but they kept them with them for some time. Then they departed thence to Russia.

— The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle.

In the meantime, King Peter Orseolo, who had succeeded King Stephen in Hungary in 1038, alienated many lords and prelates from himself, especially when he solemnly recognized the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry 3 in 1045. According to the Illuminated Chronicle, the discontented lords, seeing the sufferings of their people, assembled in Csanád (Cenad, Romania). They agreed to send envoys to Andrew and Levente to Kiev in order to persuade them to return to Hungary. Fearing some treacherous ambush, the 2 brothers only set out after the agents they had sent to Hungary confirmed that the Hungarians were ripe for an uprising against the king.

By the time the two brothers decided to return, a revolt had broken out in Hungary. It was dominated by pagans who captured many clergymen and mercilessly slaughtered them. Andrew and Levente met the rebels at Abaújvár. The Illuminated Chronicle narrates how the pagans urged the dukes to allow the whole people to live according to the rites of the pagans, to kill the bishops and the clergy, to destroy the churches, to throw off the Christian faith and to worship idols. The same source adds that Andrew and Levente gave in to all their demands, for otherwise they would not fight for them against King Peter.

The Annals of Altaich states that Andrew savagely raged against the flock of the Holy Church. Even so, Bishop Gerard of Csanád and four other prelates were ready to join Andrew, but the pagans captured and slaughtered three of them (including Gerard) at Buda. King Peter decided to flee from Hungary and take refugee in Austria. However, Andrew's envoys tricked the king to return before he reached the frontier, and they captured and blinded him.

Most Hungarian lords and the prelates opposed the restoration of paganism. They preferred the devout Christian Andrew to his pagan brother Levente, even if, at least according to Kristó and Steinhübel, the latter was the eldest among Vazul's 3 sons. The Hungarian chronicles write that Levente, who died in short time, did not oppose his brother's ascension to the throne. The three bishops who had survived the pagan uprising crowned Andrew in Székesfehérvár in the last quarter of 1046 or in the spring of 1047. Historian Ferenc Makk writes that Andrew was crowned with a crown that the Byzantine Emperor Constantine 9 Monomachos had sent to him. Nine enamelled plaques from this golden crown were unearthed in Nyitraivánka (Ivanka pri Nitre, Slovakia) in the 19th century. Andrew soon broke with his pagan supporters, restored Christianity and declared pagan rites illegal. According to Kosztolnyik, Andrew's epithets (the White or the Catholic) are connected to these events.

Having now been made secure against all disturbances from enemies, Duke Andreas received the crown of kingship in the royal city of Alba. No more than 3 bishops who had escaped that great slaughter of the Christians performed the ceremony of coronation in the year of our Lord 1047. He made proclamation to all his people that under pain of death they should lay aside the pagan rites which had formerly been permitted to them, and that they should return to the true faith of Christ and live in all things according to the law which King St Stephen had taught them.

— The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle.

The contemporaneous Hermann of Reichenau narrates that Andrew sent frequent envoys with humble entreaties to Emperor Henry 3, proposing an annual tribute and faithful service if the emperor recognized his reign. Andrew persuaded his brother, Béla, to return from Poland to Hungary in 1048. He also granted his brother one third of the kingdom with the title of duke. Béla's duchy comprised two regions which were centered on Nyitra (Nitra, Slovakia) and Bihar (Biharia, Romania).

Skirmishes on the frontier between Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire first occurred in 1050. Emperor Henry invaded Hungary in August 1051, but Andrew and Béla successfully applied scorched earth tactics against the imperial troops and forced them to withdraw. Legend says that the Vértes Hills near Székesfehérvár were named after the armours – vért in Hungarian – which were discarded by the retreating German soldiers.

Andrew initiated new peace negotiations with the emperor and promised to pay an annual tribute, but his offers were refused. Next summer, the emperor returned to Hungary and laid siege to Pressburg (Bratislava, Slovakia). Zotmund, a most skilful swimmer scuttled the emperor's ships. After Pope Leo 9 mediated a peace treaty, the emperor lifted the siege and withdrew from Hungary. Andrew soon refused to fulfill his promises made under duress, and even allied with Conrad 1, Duke of Bavaria, a prominent opponent of Emperor Henry 3.

Because Andreas, the king of the Hungarians was less and less inclined to send envoys and to make promises concerning a peace treaty, (the emperor) laid siege to the fortress of Pressburg and for a long time attacked it with various machines of war. Since, however, God aided the besieged, who anxiously called on Him, his efforts were always frustrated and he could by no means capture it. Meanwhile the lord Pope Leo had intervened at the request of Andreas to make peace and he called on the emperor to end the siege. Since (the pope) found (the emperor) in all respects in agreement with him, while discovering that Andreas on the contrary was less obedient to his advice, he was angry and threatened the latter with excommunincation for mocking the apostolic see.

— Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle.

Andrew's queen, Anastasia, gave birth to a son, named Solomon in 1053. Andrew attempted to make his son's succession secure, even against his brother, Béla, who had strong claim to succeed Andrew according to the traditional principle of seniority.

The brothers' relationship did not deteriorate immediately after Solomon's birth. In the deed of the foundation of the Tihany Abbey, a Benedictine monastery established in 1055 by Andrew, Duke Béla was listed among the lords witnessing the act. This charter, although primarily written in Latin, contains the earliest extant text – Feheruuaru rea meneh hodu utu rea (on the military road which leads to Fehérvár) – written in Hungarian. Andrew also established a lavra for Orthodox hermits in Tihany and an Orthodox monastery near Visegrád. The Third Book of Law of King Ladislaus 1 of Hungary (r. 1077–1095) refers to an estate survey of the judge Sarkas under King Andrew and Duke Béla. According to György Györffy, the serfs of the royal domains were registered during this survey which took place around 1056.

Andrew suffered a stroke which paralyzed him. In an attempt to strengthen his son's claim to the throne, he had the child Solomon crowned in the one-year-long period beginning in the autumn of 1057. For the same purpose, Andrew also arranged the engagement of his son with Judith – a daughter of the late Emperor Henry 3, and sister of the new German monarch, Henry 4 (r. 1056–1105) – in September 1058. Thereafter, according to an episode narrated by most Hungarian chronicles, the king invited Duke Béla to a meeting at Tiszavárkony. At their meeting, Andrew seemingly offered his brother to freely choose between a crown and a sword, which were the symbols of the kingdom and the ducatus, respectively. Duke Béla, who had previously been informed by his partisans in Andrew's court that he would be murdered on the king's order if he opted for the crown, chose the sword.

However, Béla, who actually had no intention of renouncing his claim to succeed his brother in favor of his nephew, fled to Poland and sought military assistance from Duke Boleslaus 2 of Poland (r. 1058–1079). With Duke Boleslaus's support, Béla returned to Hungary at the head of Polish troops. On the other hand, the Dowager Empress Agnes – who governed the Holy Roman Empire in the name of her minor son, Henry 4 – sent Bavarian, Bohemian and Saxon troops to assist Andrew.

The decisive battle was fought in the regions east of the river Tisza. Andrew suffered injuries and lost the battle. He attempted to flee to the Holy Roman Empire, but his brother's partisans routed his retinue at Moson. The Annals of Niederaltaich narrates that wagons and horses trampled him in the battlefield. Deadly wounded in the battlefield, Andrew was seized and taken by his brother's partisans to Zirc where he was treated with neglect, according to the Illuminated Chronicle. Andrew died in the royal manor there before his brother was crowned king on 6 December 1060. Andrew was buried in the crypt of the church of the Tihany Abbey.

Andrew's wife, Anastasia, was the daughter of Grand Duke Yaroslav 1 the Wise of Kiev by his wife, Ingegerd, who herself was the daughter of King Olof Skötkonung of Sweden. Andrew married Anastasia, who was born in about 1020, around 1038. Their first child, Adelaide was born around 1040. She became the wife of Vratislaus II of Bohemia, who was initially Duke and, from 1085, King of Bohemia. Andrew and Anastasia's first son, Solomon, was born in 1053, their second son, David, some years later. Neither Solomon nor David fathered sons; the male line of Andrew's family died out with their death by the end of the 11th century.

King Salomon and David, his brother, never had children, and the seed of King Andreas perished with them. We believe that this was by an act of God; for on his first return with Levente, his brother, to Hungary, Andreas with the purpose of gaining the kingdom permitted the ungodly Vatha and other most evil men to kill the saintly Gerard and many Christians.

— The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle.

Medieval chronicles write that Andrew had a natural son, named George, by a concubine from the village of Pilismarót. Since his name was popular among Orthodox believers, Gyula Kristó says that his mother may have been a Russian lady-in-waiting of Andrew's queen. The theory that the Clan Drummond in Scotland was descended from George is not widely accepted by scholars.

Andreas married Anastasia av Kiev about 1038. Anastasia (daughter of Jaroslav av Kiev, "Jaroslav 1" and Ingegjerd (Irina) Olofsdatter av Sverige, "av Kiev") was born about 1021 in Kiev, Ukraina; died about 1075 in Roches, Frankrike. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Begravet i Villiers Abbey, La-Ferte-Alais, Essonne.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Bef 1034, Böhmen, Tsjekkia; Hertug.

Notes:

Occupation:
Oldrich (Latin: Odalricus, Udalrichus, German: Odalric, Udalrich; c.?975 – 9 November 1034), a member of the Premyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 1012 to 1033 and briefly again in 1034. His accession to the Bohemian throne marked the start of a phase of stability during internal dynastic struggles. Under his rule, the Moravian lands were reconquered from Polish occupation.

Oldrich was the third son of Duke Boleslaus 2 of Bohemia (d. 999) and his consort Emma of Melník. Upon the death of his father, his eldest brother Boleslaus 3 succeeded him as duke, however, he soon entered into a fierce conflict with his younger brothers Oldrich and Jaromír.

In 1001 both had to flee to the Bavarian court at Regensburg. When Boleslaus 3 was deposed by the rivaling Vršovci dynasty the next year and the Polish ruler Boles?aw 1 the Brave invaded Bohemia, King Henry 2 of Germany intervened. Upon his expedition to Prague, Boleslaus' brothers were able to return and Jaromír was installed as Bohemian duke in 1004.

In the German–Polish War, Duke Jaromír remained a loyal supporter of the German king. Nevertheless, Henry did not take action when he was deposed and blinded by his brother Oldrich on 12 April 1012. While Jaromír fled to Poland, Oldrich too recognised the suzerainty of the King of the Romans. He secured his rule by suppressing the Vršovci insurgents.

Oldrich and his son Bretislaus sought to win back Moravia, once conquered by Oldrich's grandfather Duke Boleslaus 1, from the Poles. Bretislaus and his wife Judith of Schweinfurt took their residence in Olomouc.

In 1029 the Bohemian forces, backed by Emperor Conrad 2, finally drove the Poles out of the eastern lands. However, Bretislaus' efforts to occupy adjacent territories in what is today Slovakia by marching against the Kingdom of Hungary failed in 1030 due to the jealousy of the emepror, who reached an agreement with King Stephen 1. In the following year, Bohemian forces refused to take the field for the emperor.

In 1032, Duke Oldrich was invited to the Hoftag diet at Merseburg, but did not appear. His absence raised the ire of the emperor and Conrad, busy with events in Burgundy, charged his son Henry 3 with punishing the recalcitrant Bohemian. Oldrich was arrested, deposed and sent to Bavaria. He was again replaced by his brother Jaromír. However, when Oldrich was pardoned the next year, he returned to Bohemia and had Jaromír captured, blinded, and deposed. He seized power again and drove out Jaromír's son from Moravia.

Oldrich died abruptly on 9 November 1034 and later examination of his skeleton reveal his skull to have suffered a fatal blow. Jaromír then renounced the throne in favour of his nephew Bretislaus.

Udalrik married Bozena av Böhmen about 1002. Bozena (daughter of Kresina) died about 1052. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Married:
According to legend rendered by the medieval chronicler Cosmas of Prague, Duke Oldrich about 1002 married a peasant girl known as Bozena, daughter of Kresina, after discarding his first wife on the grounds that they were childless.

Together they had a son:

Bretislaus 1 (1002/1005–1055), Duke of Bohemia from 1035 until his death.
Though his parents were married, Bretislaus remained an illegitimate heir. He nevertheless was able to succeed to the Bohemian throne as sole descendant of his grandfather Duke Boleslaus 2.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Bef 1032, Ungarn; Konge / hertug av nordre Ungarn.

Notes:

Occupation:
Vazul, or also Vászoly, (before 997–1031 or 1032) was a member of the House of Árpád, a grandson of Taksony, Grand Prince of the Hungarians. Otherwise, the only certain information of his life, that he was kept in captivity and blinded in the fortress of Nyitra (Nitra, Slovakia) in the last years of the reign of his cousin, King Stephen I of Hungary. Modern historians, including György Györffy, do not exclude that he had earlier been Duke of Nyitra. He is the forefather of nearly all Kings of Hungary who reigned after 1046.

Vazul was a son of Michael, who was the younger son of Grand Prince Taksony. His mother's name is unknown. According to the Györffy, it is probable that she was a Bulgarian princess, a relative of Samuel of Bulgaria. Györffy also writes that Vazul was still a child around 997. His name derived from the Greek Basileios which implies that he was baptized according to Byzantine rite.

Györffy says that Vazul apparently held the Nyitra ducate, because chronicles do not make mention of other settlements in connection with his life. According to the Illuminated Chronicle, King Stephen imprisoned Vazul and held him in captivity in the fortress of Nyitra (Nitra, Slovakia) in order to urge him to amend his youthful frivolity and folly. In contrast with Györffy, his Slovak colleague, Ján Steinhübel has no doubt that Vazul was a Duke of Nyitra, who succeeded his brother, Ladislas the Bald before 1030. Steinhübel adds that Vazul, similarly to his brother, accepted the suzerainty of King Mieszko II of Poland; he was imprisoned at his former seat when King Stephen I of Hungary occupied his duchy in 1031. The theory that the Duchy of Nyitra was under Polish suzerainty in the first decades of the 11th century, which is based on the Polish-Hungarian Chronicle, is flatly refused by Györffy.

Emeric, the only son of King Stephen who survived infancy died in a hunting accident in 1031. Although Vazul who was Stephen's closest agnatic relative had the strongest claim to succeede him on the throne, the king disregarded him and nominated his own sister's son, Peter Orseolo as his heir. According to the nearly contemporaneous Annals of Altaich, Vazul bitterly resented his omission, but he was blinded on King Stephen's order. According to the contrasting reports of later Hungarian chronicles, written under kings descending from Vazul's line, Stephen initially was planning to nominate Vazul as his heir, but Vazul's enemies, including Stephen's queen, Gisela hatched a plot to hinder the king's plans. They sent an evil man to Nyitra who put out Vazul's eyes and filled the cavities of his ears with lead before the king's envoys arrived.

Feeling his powers slipping away, sent messengers in haste to have his uncle's son Vazul brought from prison in Nitra, in order to make him king of the Hungarians after himself. However, as soon as Queen Gisela got wind of this she hatched a plot with a group of traitors, and sent the ispán Sebus ahead of the messenger. Sebus had Vazul's eyes put out and molten lead poured into his ears; he then fled to Bohemia. When Vazul was at length brought back by the King's messenger, the King wept bitterly at his fate.

Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians.

Information on Vazul's family is contradictory. Later Hungarian chronicles tended to hide that the kings reigning after 1046 descended from a prince who was disinherited and sentenced by the holy first king of Hungary. Accordingly, many of the chronicles write that Vazul's brother, Ladislas the Bald was the Hungarian monarchs' forefather instead of Vazul. However, a concurring report – which was, for instance, recorded in the Illuminated Chronicle – has preserved the memory of Vazul's paternity of three sons named Andrew, Béla and Levente. Likewise the Illuminated Chronicle writes that Vazul's wife was a member of the Tátony clan, but his marriage lacked legitimacy. His three sons were expelled from Hungary after Vazul's death in 1031 or 1032.

It is said that these 3 brothers (Andrew, Bela, Levente) were the sons of Duke Vazul by some girl from the clan of Tatun and were not born of a true marriage-bed, and that through this conjunction they derived their nobility from Tatun. Of a certainty this is a false and most evil tale. Not for this reason are they nobles, but because they are the sons of Ladislas the Bald, who is said to have taken a wife from Ruthenia to whom these 3 brothers were born.

— The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Abt 1019, Kiev, Ukraina; Storfyrste.

Notes:

Occupation:
Etter sin fars død i 1015 kjempet Jaroslav lenge mot sine brødre om tronen, og søkte støtte i Sverige. Han erobret med hjelp av væringene Kiev i 1019.

Han ble storfyrste av Kiev, ektet Olav Skötkonungs datter Ingegerd, og la under seg en stor del av Russland.

Under hans styre blomstret kirken, kulturen og den militære makten markant. Under Jaroslavs styre ble den første lovboken for riket utgitt, Russkaja pravda. Han lot også utarbeide kirkelover.

Jaroslav og Ingegerd var vertskap for Olav den hellige og hans følge da de dro i eksil til Russland før Olav returnerte til Norge og falt i slaget ved Stiklestad.

Jaroslav married Ingegjerd (Irina) Olofsdatter av Sverige, "av Kiev" about 1019. Ingegjerd (daughter of Olof Erikson av Sverige, "Olof 3" and Estrid av Mechlenburg) was born about 1001; died on 10 Feb 1050 in Kiev, Ukraina. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Ingegjerds levninger hviler ifølge enkelt kilder sammen med maken i en sarkofag i St.Sofia-katedralen, mens Sofia-katedralen i Novgorod også hevder å ha hennes relikvier.
Denne kirken med samme navn som katedralen i Kiev hadde Jaroslav og Ingegjerds sønn Vladimir som byggherre. Novgorod er da også stedet hvor helgenkulten oppstod. Sovjetiske forskere åpnet sarkofagen i Kiev i 1939 og undersøkte innholdet.

Det velbevarte kraniet som antas å være Ingegjerds var hva frenologene noe tvilsomt kalte for en nordisk type, massivt og tungt med en elliptisk form. Pannen var ikke særskilt høy og hadde en gjennomsnittlig helning. Nesen var sterkt framtredende med en smal neserot. Haken var av gjennomsnittlig storhet, men markant framtredende. Tennene ble bedømt som ganske godt bevart.
Jaroslav ble målt til ha vært ca.172 cm og Ingegjerd ca.162 cm lang.

Kildene til Ingegjerds liv er fåtallige og opplysningene om hennes opphøyelse til helgen er ikke entydige, men ifølge Den ortodokse kirkes tradisjon ble Ingegjerd etter sin død opphøyd til helgen, som den hellige Anna av Novgorod. Navnet Anna fikk hun da hun på sine gamle dager gikk i kloster; det er nemlig vanlig at den som tonsureres, får et nytt navn.
Ingegjerd ansees som Sveriges første ortodokse helgen og som landets skytshelgen. Det finnes en svensk-ortodoks menighet som er virksom i Linköping, Norrköping og Örebro, og som kalles Heliga Annas ortodoxa församling.
En bit av hennes relikvier er i år 2009 overført fra Russland til Sverige. Hennes kirkelige festdager er 10.februar og 4.oktober. En liturgisk hymne som synges i forbindelse med feiringen lyder:

Som en himmelskt lysande stjärna framträdde du från Västern. Du förunnades antaga den ortodoxa tron och i den frambragte du en välsignad frukt åt det heliga, ryska landet, heliga, rättrogna furstinna Anna. Du älskade Kristus av allt ditt hjärta och du bevarade hans rättfärdighet och lagar. Då vi i dag firar ditt allraheligaste minne, mottager vi därför genom dina förböner syndernas förlåtelse.

Fra en historisk synsvinkel synes det som om Ingegjerd er blitt forvekslet med Jaroslavs første hustru Anna og som senere ble erklært som en lokal helgen i Novgorod ettersom det var på hennes initiativ man skal igangsatt byggingen av den lokale Sofiakatedralen. Hennes levninger ble også undersøkt av sovjetiske forskere som avgjorde at de tilhørte en yngre kvinne enn Ingegjerd som må ha dødd da hun var rundt 50.

Notes:

Married:
Ingegjerd (også kalt Ingegerd), som Snorre Sturlason kaller henne, ble antagelig født i Sigtuna i Sverige.

Olav Digre ba om hennes hånd, noe de svenske stormennene anså var et godt gifte da det også vil bilegge ufreden med Norge, men svenskekongen selv, Olof Skötkonung, var mindre begeistret for nordmannen og satte seg imot.

...kongen var blitt så vred på Olav at han ikke kunne tåle å høre ham bli nevnt.

Og når nordmannens utsendinger snakker med svenskekongen slår han fast at:

Den digre mannen må ingen kalle konge her i min hird, han er mye mindre mann enn folk sier.

I henhold til Snorre var Ingegjerd slett ikke uvillig til å bli gift med Olav Digre:

Hvis Olav er en så gjev kar som du sier om ham, så kunne jeg ikke ønske meg en bedre mann, sa Ingegjerd mens hun rødmet.

På Uppsalatinget truet de svenske bøndene å drepe Olof Skötkonung om han ikke bila striden med Norge, og det ble avgjort at Ingegjerd Olofsdatter skulle bli gift med Olav Digre.
Norskekongen dro til Konghelle for å vente på sin svenske brud. Han ventet hele sommeren, og i mellomtiden brøt svenskekongen løftet sitt og giftet Ingegjerd bort til Jaroslav 1 av Kiev, fyrste av Gardariket.

Norskekongen sto uten brud, men sammen med sin svenske allierte, Ragnvald Ulvsson jarl, fant de ut at Astrid Olofsdatter, halvsøster av Ingegjerd, kunne gi den samme politiske gevinsten.

Ingegjerd ble i all hast giftet bort til den mektige Jaroslav den vise av Novgorod. Bryllupet skjedde i 1019. I Kiev ble navnet hennes endret til det kristne Irene eller Irina ettersom det er østkirkelig tradisjon at alle kristne skal ha et kristent navn.
I henhold til sagaene fikk hun som ekteskapsgaver Staraja Ladoga og omliggende land, og som senere fikk navnet Ingria (Ingermanland), antagelig en avart av hennes navn. Hun satte sin venn jarl Ragnvald Ulvsson som hersker og forvalter for seg.

Ingegjerd tok initiativet til å igangsette byggingen av St.Sofia-katedralen i Kiev, noe som ble overvåket av Jaroslav.

De fikk 6 sønner og 4 døtre (noe uklart for enkelte av dem). Døtrene ble dronninger av Frankrike, Ungarn, Norge, og til dels, om enn i landflyktighet, også av England. Hele familien er avbildet på en av freskoen i St.Sofia-katedralen. Bildet av døtrene finnes fortsatt i redusert forfatning mens fyrsteparet selv er gått tapt da denne veggen senere ble revet. Bildet er likevel kjent takket være en tegning som ble gjort av den på 1600-tallet.

Jaroslav og Ingegjerd hadde følgende barn (rekkefølgen er tilfeldig):

1. Elisaveta eller Ellisiv av Kiev, dronning av Norge, gift med Harald Hardråde.

2. Anastasia av Kiev, dronning av Ungarn, gift med Andreas 1 av Ungarn.

3. Anne av Kiev, dronning av Frankrike, gift med Henrik 1 av Frankrike.

4. Vladimir av Novgorod.

5. Izjaslav 1 av Kiev (1024–1078, døde i kamp), storfyrste av Kiev.

6. Svjatoslav 2 av Kiev.

7. Vsevolod 1 av Kiev.

8. Igor av Volynia.

9. Vyacheslav av Smolensk.

10. Agatha, hustru av Edvard den landflyktige.

11. Dobronega (Maria) av Kiev, gift med Kasimir 1, hertug av Polen.

Dokumentasjonen for både Agatha (10) og Dobronega (11) er svake og omdiskuterte.