Zinow Genealogy Website

The history of the Norwegian Zinow family, and their connected families of Lorentzen, Hugaas, Schøyen, Møller, Skrogstad, Høyem, Reitan, Brinchmann, Sværen, Harbo, Bernhoft, Hiorth, Linge, Tjomsaas, Cudrio, Borlaug, Husabø, Børsheim, Coucheron, Irgens etc. ...and for our beautiful long-haired dachshund; Tina

Notes

Matches 2,401 to 2,450 of 17,413

#	Notes	Linked to
2401	Boksaspa, Frei	Eiriksen til Boksaspa, Trond (I5853)
2402	Boleslaus 2 the Pious (Czech: Boleslav 2. Pobožný) (c.?932 - 7 February 999) was a Bohemian nobleman, a member of the P?emyslid dynasty and was the ruling Duke of Bohemia from 972 until his death. Boleslaus was the son of Boleslaus 1 and brother of Strachkvas, Dobrawa - wife of Mieszko 1 and Mlada Maria. According to some historians his mother was Biagota. Biagota is only known from her coins and according some historians (V. Katz, J. Slama, J. Paukert) was wife of Boleslaus 1. Boleslaus 2 became Duke (or Prince) on his father's death. Boleslaus maintained good relations with the Ottonian German kings, and in 975 supported Otto 2 during the civil war against Henry 2, Duke of Bavaria. In 977, Boleslaus again attacked Bavaria, but on this occasion was barred from annexing any lands by Otto 2. Boleslaus' reign is most notable for the foundation of the Diocese of Prague in 973, placed at that time within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mainz. In 982, Adalbert of Prague (later known as Saint Adalbert) was appointed to head the bishopric until he abandoned his primacy to lead a mission to the Old Prussians in 994. The alliance between Poland and Bohemia was overturned between 977 and 985, and Poland participated in invasions led by the German Emperor against Bohemia. However, in 985 or 990 Poland acquired Silesia at the expense of Bohemia. On 28 September 995, Boleslaus and his confederate Vršovci stormed Libice in southern Bohemia and massacred the members of the Slavník dynasty. This clan had been the main rival of P?emyslid power in Bohemia. Boleslaus' brutal triumph ensured the unity of Bohemia under a single ruler. Boleslaus' first wife Adiva, was perhaps the daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England, who married a prince near the Jupiter mountains, meaning the Alps. His second wife was Emma of M?lník. His sons were: 1. Boleslaus 3, his eldest son and successor. 2. Wenceslaus, died as an infant. 3. Jaromír, later became Duke of Bohemia. 4. Old?ich, also became Duke of Bohemia.	av Böhmen, Boleslav "Boleslav 2." (I4577)
2403	Boleslav was the ruler (knize, literally prince, but usually translated as duke) of Bohemia from 935 to his death. He was the son of Vratislaus 1 and the younger brother of his predecessor, Wenceslaus 1. Boleslav is notorious for the murder of his brother Wenceslaus, through which he became Duke of Bohemia. Wenceslaus was murdered during a feast; at precisely that time Boleslav's son was allegedly born. He received a strange name: Strachkvas, which means a dreadful feast. Being remorseful for what he had done, Boleslav promised to devote his son to religion and educate him as a clergyman. Despite the fratricide, Boleslav is generally respected by Czech historians as an energetic ruler who significantly strengthened the Bohemian state and expanded its territory. The pro-Christian religious policies pursued by Wenceslaus do not appear to have been a cause for Boleslav's fratricide, since Boleslav in no way impeded the growth of Christianity in Bohemia, and in fact actually sent his daughter Mlada, a nun, to the Pope in Rome to ask permission to make Prague a bishopric. One of Boleslav's major concerns was the tribute paid yearly to the East Frankish kings. He stopped the payment shortly after he ascended the throne, which led to the prolonged war with King Otto the Great. This conflict, presumably consisting of border raids (the general pattern of warfare in this region at the time), reached its conclusion in 950 when Boleslav signed a peace treaty with Otto. Despite being undefeated, he promised to resume the payment of the tribute. Five years later, the armies of Czechs and Germans allied against the Magyars in the victorious Battle of Lechfeld on 10 August 955. Boleslav had also helped Otto to crush an uprising of Slavs on the Lower Elbe in 953. After the Battle of Lech, the rest of the huge Magyar army turned to Bohemia, where it was crushed by Boleslav. Because of this victory, Boleslav freed Moravia from Magyar raids and expanded his territory to Upper Silesia and Malopolska. To strengthen the Bohemian-Polish alliance, Boleslav's daughter Dobrawa married the pagan Piast prince Mieszko I in 965, and helped bring Christianity to Poland. Boleslav's wife may have been Biagota. He was succeeded by his oldest son Boleslaus the Pious. Anerkjente keiseren som lensherre 946. Utvidet riket med Mähren og deler av Galitsja og Schlesien.	av Böhmen, Boleslav (Boleslaus) "Boleslav 1." (I4587)
2404	Boleslaw 1. Chrobry var polsk fyrste fra 992 og ble kronet konge i 1025. Samme år døde han. Han var sønn av den polske fyrsten Mieszko og dattersønn av den bøhmiske fyrsten Boleslav 1. Boleslaw 1 Chrobry var det polske rikets egentlige grunnlegger. I år 1000 oppnådde han at det ble opprettet et polsk erkebiskesete i Gniezno, uavhengig av tysk kirkelig kontroll. Han erobret Pommern i 996 og deretter Kraków. Etter Otto 3.s død erobret han i 1002 Lausitz og Meissen, og han hersket en tid over Böhmen. I 1018 tok han også Kiev i øst. Hos Snorre er han kalt Burislav i Heimskringlas beretninger om opptakten til slaget ved Svolder.	av Polen, Boloslav "Boloslav 1." (I4547)
2405	Boleslaw 3 Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus 3 the Wry-mouthed, Polish: Boleslaw 3 Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138. He was the only child of Prince Wladyslaw 1 Herman and his first wife Judith, daughter of Vratislaus 2 of Bohemia. Boleslaw began to rule in the last decade of the 11th century, when the central government in Poland was significantly weakened. Wladyslaw 1 Herman fell under the political dependence of the Count palatine Sieciech, who became the real ruler of the country. Backed by their father, Boleslaw and his half-brother Zbigniew finally expelled Sieciech from the country in 1101, after several years of fighting. After the death of Wladyslaw 1 Herman in 1102, two independent states were created ruled by Boleslaw and Zbigniew. Boleslaw sought to gain Pomerania which caused an armed conflict between the brothers, and forced Zbigniew to flee the country and seek military help from Germany. Boles?aw effectively stopped the intervention of the German King Henry 5 in 1109 and punished Zbigniew by blinding him. This action caused outrage among supporters of Zbigniew, resulting in a political crisis in Poland. Boles?aw once again gained the favor of his subjects with public penance, and made a pilgrimage to the monastery of his patron, Saint Giles, in Hungary. Boleslaw, like Boleslaw 2 the Generous, based his foreign policy on maintaining good relations with neighboring Hungary and Kievan Rus, with whom he forged strong links through marriage and military cooperation in order to break the political dependence on Germany and his vassal, the King of Bohemia, who in moments of weakness of Polish policy was forced to pay tribute in Silesia. These alliances have allowed Boleslaw to effectively defend the country from invasion by Henry 5 in 1109. Several years later, Boleslaw skillfully took advantage of the dynastic disputes in Bohemia to ensure peace on the south-west border. Boleslaw devoted the second half of his rule to the conquest of Pomerania. In 1113 he conquered the northern strongholds along Notec, which strengthened the border with the Pomeranians. In subsequent years, he took steps toward the conquest of Pomerania. The resolution of the conflict with the Holy Roman Empire allowed Boleslaw to subordinate Western Pomerania and incorporate Gdansk Pomerania. The military expeditions, carried out in three stages, ended in the 1120s with military and political successes. Integration of the newly annexed lands enabled Boleslaw to build churches and began the process of converting Pomerania. Bishop Otto of Bamberg confirmed the Christianization of Pomerania from 1123 onward. In the 1130s Boleslaw participated in the dynastic dispute in Hungary. After an unexpected defeat, he was forced to make an agreement with Germany. The Congress of Merseburg of 1135 addressed the issues of Pomerania, Silesian (probably also Polish) sovereignty and the supremacy of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg over the Polish Church. Boleslaw was married twice. His first marriage with the Kievan princess Zbyslava gave him an excuse to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Russia. After her death, Boleslaw married to a German noblewoman, Salomea of Berg, which in some way was the cause of changes in Polish foreign policy: in the second half of his rule, the Prince sought to restore diplomatic relations with his western neighbor. His last, and perhaps the most momentous act, was his will and testament known as The Succession Statute in which he divided the country among his sons, leading to almost 200 years of feudal fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom. Boleslaw 3 Wrymouth has been recognized by historiography as a symbol of Polish political aspirations until well into the 19th century. He also upheld the independence of the Polish archbishopric of Gniezno, despite a temporary failure in the 1130s. Despite undoubted successes, he committed serious political errors, most notably against Zbigniew of Poland, his half-brother. The crime against Zbigniew and his penance for it show Boleslaw’s great ambition as well as his ability to find political compromise. In 1086 the coronation of Vratislav 2 as King of Bohemia, and his alignment with László 1, King of Hungary, threatened the position of the Polish ruler, Prince Wladyslaw 1 Herman. Therefore, that same year Wladyslaw 1 was forced to recall from Hungarian banishment the only son of Boleslaw 2 the Bold and a rightful heir to the Polish throne, Mieszko Boleslawowic. Upon his return young Boleslawowic accepted the over-lordship of his uncle and gave up his hereditary claim to the crown of Poland in exchange for becoming first in line to succeed him. In return, Wladyslaw 1 Herman granted his nephew the district of Kraków. The situation was further complicated for Wladyslaw 1 Herman by a lack of a legitimate male heir, as his first-born son Zbigniew came from a union not recognized by the church. With the return of Mieszko Boleslawowic to Poland, Wladyslaw 1 normalized his relations with the kingdom of Hungary as well as Kievan Rus (the marriage of Mieszko Boleslawowic to a Kievan princess was arranged in 1088). These actions allowed Herman to strengthen his authority and alleviate further tensions in international affairs. The lack of a legitimate heir, however, remained a concern for Wladyslaw 1 and in 1085 he and his wife Judith of Bohemia sent rich gifts, among which was a life size statue of a child made of gold, to the Benedictine Sanctuary of Saint Giles in Saint-Gilles, Provence begging for offspring. The Polish envoys were led by the personal chaplain of Duchess Judith, Piotr. The date of birth of Boleslaw is closely linked with the death of his mother Judith. This fact is evidenced by contemporary sources: Gallus Anonymus in the Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum reported that Duchess Judith gave birth to Boleslaw on the day of King Saint Stephen of Hungary (whose feast since the 11th century was celebrated on 20 August). However, the Duchess' health never recovered from childbirth and died on the night of Nativity[18] (i.e. 24–25 December). Gallus did not note the year in his chronicle. Cosmas of Prague wrote in Latin in his Chronica Boëmorum (Chronicle of Bohemians) that Boleslaw was born 3 days before the death of Judith, who died in 8 Calends of January (25 December) of 1085. The Kalendarz krakowski said that Duchess Judith died on 24 December 1086, and only indicated that the birth of Boleslaw was in the same year. The Obituary of the Abbey of Saint-Gilles reported the death of Judith on 24 December 1086. The Rocznik kapituly krakowskiej (closely related to the Kalendarz krakowski) placed the death of Judith on 24 December 1086. Historian August Bielowski established Boleslaw's birth on 26 December 1085 and the death of his mother 2 days later, on 28 December. According to him Gallus Anonymus committed 2 errors. First, instead of the Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord wrote incorrectly in the Sunday of the Nativity. Secondly, he mistaken the day of Saint Stephen (26 December) with the festivities of King Stephen of Hungary (20 August). Both corrections lead to the birth date of Boleslaw on 26 December. This theory was supported by the fact that in 1085 28 December fell on a Sunday. Oswald Balzer refuted Bielowski's theory and pointed that Judith's death was on the night between 24–25 December 1086, and the birth of Boleslaw was 4 months before, on 20 August. According to him, if Judith died on the night between 24–25 December, are possible discrepancies in determining the exact date of the event. All known sources who placed the death of Judith, would then right. Gallus wrote that Judith died shortly after giving birth to a son. Later sources interpret this as a death in childbirth and Cosmas of Prague followed this fact, despite he didn't received the information at first hand. Hence, his mistake would result in this point. In contrast, the right -indicated by Gallus- date of birth of Boleslaw would be 20 August. In the medieval tradition the year began on 25 December. In that case, the reports of Cosmas must be concluded that Boleslaw was born yet in 1085. This information, however, was in contradiction with the reports of the Kalendarz krakowski, who gave the year 1086. Judith was styled by the authors of the Kalendarz as regina Polonia (Queen of Poland in Latin), and this title could be associated with her father's coronation as King of Bohemia and Poland on 15 June 1086 (according to Cosmas). Karol Maleczynski refuted the arguments of Balzer, who accepted the date of the coronation of Vratislav II given by Cosmas.[19] However, most researchers indicates that the coronation took place on 15 June 1085, so Judith could be called Queen a year earlier. Karol Maleczynski determined that the death of Judith took place on the night between 24–25 December 1085, and Boleslaw was born four months before, on 20 August. Researchers found that the date given by the Rocznik kapituly krakowskiej (24 December 1086) was the same established by Cosmas (25 December 1085). The difference in the year could be explained in the different of style dating followed by Cosmas, who began the year according to the Julian calendar on 1 January and Christmas (Nativitate in Latin) on 25 December. For Maleczynski, Kazimierz Jasinski not consider this calendar difference who occurs only during the period 25–31 December. Archaeologist Wojciech Szafranski reasumed the theory of Bielowski: Judith of Bohemia died on 28 December 1085, and Boleslaw was born 2 days before, on 26 December. According to Szafranski Cosmas used the term 8 Calends of January, with no specific date. However, in the Chronicle of Gallus should read that Judith died on Christmas Day, but on Sunday in the Octave of Christmas. Using such a broadened range of days, the investigator determined the birth of Boleslaw in the feast of Saint Stephen (26 December). For this reasons, the date of 1085 given by Bielowski is correct according to him. However, Jasinski pointed the weaknesses of the argument of Szafranski because Gallus has written about the Octave, but specifically about Christmas night, but the investigator didn't consider all other sources, as well as the achievements of research in genealogy. Marian Plezia argued that Boleslaw was born on 2 September 1085 or 1086. According to Gallus, the day of King Stephen of Hungary was also celebrated on 2 September. Jasinski considered this theory unfounded. In Poland the feast of King Stephen of Hungary is pointed by the Kalendarz krakowski and the kalendarz Kodeksu Gertrudy on 20 August. Besides, if Boleslaw was born on 2 September, Gallus probably would be noted that this was the day after the celebration of Saint Giles (1 September), which was attributed to be the intercessor of his birth. Kazimierz Jasinski placed the death of Judith in the night between 24–25 December 1086 and the birth of Boleslaw 4 months before, on 20 August. In this point he agrees with the findings of Balzer. He supported his views with additional arguments: All sources are based in the missing Rocznika kapituly krakowskiej, and the next known text of this source refers to events in 1086. Cosmas, writing his chronicle a few decades later, probably benefited from oral tradition and could make a mistake when he placed the year. His reports who placed the birth of Boleslaw 3 days before the death of his mother denoted a quite short time. Today is widely recognized the view of both Jasinski and Balzer, that Boleslaw most likely was born in the day of King Stephen of Hungary, 20 August 1086. According to Cosmas of Prague, Boleslaw was named after his uncle, Boleslaw 2 the Generous. Wladyslaw 1 Herman had no reason to named his first-born legitimate son after his brother, but probably in this way tried to placate the former allies of his predecessor. Boleslaw's nickname Wrymouth (pl: Krzywousty) appeared in Polish and Latin sources of the 13th century: Genealogii plockiej (Criwousti) and the Roczniku swietokrzyskim mlodszym (Crzyvousti). Probably the origin of this nickname dates back on the 12th century and is relationed with some physical characteristics of the Polish ruler, who were noticed at the time of his reign. Probably he began to be named in this way after 1114, because Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicle never mentioned it. In the Kronice ksiazat polskich and Kronice polsko-slaskiej Boleslaw was qualified by the Latin adjective curvus, whose significance remains unclear. According to the 14th century Kroniki o Piotrze Wlostowicu the Prince was hunchbacked (Latin: gibbosus) or had a crooked mouth. The 15th century chronicler Jan Dlugosz wrote: He had a mouth on one side slightly bent, and for this he was called Wrymouth; however, this is not marred his face, and even added to him some charm. In 1974, in the Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral of Plock, where according to tradition Boleslaw was buried, an archaeological research project was conducted. A coffin was discovered containing the bones of 16 men and women. One of the skulls, of a man who died aged 50, had a deformed mandible. There is a hypothesis that these remains belonged to Boleslaw. Opponents of this theory suggest that the Prince was named in this way many years after his death, and his contemporary Gallus did not mention any physical defect in the hero of his Chronicles. The defenders of the hypothesis argue that the work of Gallus has the characteristics of a panegyric in honor of Boleslaw, because the chronicler did not mention his physical infirmities. It is also speculated that the bone damage occurred as a result of childbirth complications, which led to the death of his mother a few months later. The nickname of Boleslaw was also explained in other ways. According to a legend, Boleslaw slammed his face against a wall after watching his father's subservience towards the Germans and Czechs. According to Jan Dlugosz, the Prince in his youth suffered from an ulcer, which caused the deformity of his face. According to older historiography, he received the nickname Wrymouth for his perjury. Following Boleslaw’s birth the political climate in the country changed. The position of Boleslaw as an heir to the throne was threatened by the presence of Mieszko Boleslawowic, who was already 17 at the time and was furthermore, by agreement with Wladyslaw 1 Herman himself, the first in line to succeed. In all likelihood it was this situation that precipitated the young prince Mieszko’s demise in 1089. In that same year Wladyslaw 1 Herman’s first-born son Zbigniew was sent to a monastery in Quedlinburg, Saxony. This suggests that Wladyslaw 1 Herman intended to be rid of Zbigniew by making him a monk, and therefore depriving him of any chance of succession. This eliminated 2 pretenders to the Polish throne, secured young Boleslaw’s inheritance as well as diminished the growing opposition to Wladyslaw 1 Herman among the nobility. Shortly after his ascension, however, Wladyslaw 1 Herman was forced by the barons to give up the de facto reins of government to Count Palatine Sieciech. This turn of events was likely due to the fact that Herman owed the throne to the barons, the most powerful of whom was Sieciech. Around this time Wladyslaw 1 Herman married again. The chosen bride was Judith-Maria, daughter of Emperor Henry 3 and widow of King Solomon of Hungary, who after her wedding took the name Sophia in order to distinguish herself from Wladyslaw 1 Herman's first wife. Through this marriage Boleslaw gained 3 or 4 half-sisters, and as a consequence he remained the only legitimate son and heir. It's believed that the new Duchess was actively aiding Sieciech in his schemes to take over the country and that she became his mistress. In 1090 Polish forces under Sieciech's command, managed to gain control of Gdansk Pomerania, albeit for a short time. Major towns were garrisoned by Polish troops, and the rest were burned in order to thwart future resistance. Several months later, however, a rebellion of native elites led to the restoration of the region’s independence from Poland. The following year a punitive expedition was organized, in order to recover Gdansk Pomerania. The campaign was decided at the battle of the Wda River, where the Polish knights suffered a defeat despite the assistance of Bohemian troops. Prince Boleslaw’s childhood happened at a time when a massive political migration out of Poland was taking place, due to Sieciech’s political repressions. Most of the elites who became political refugees found safe haven in Bohemia. Another consequence of Sieciech’s political persecution was the kidnapping of Zbigniew by Sieciech’s enemies and his return from abroad in 1093. Zbigniew took refuge in Silesia, a stronghold of negative sentiment for both Sieciech as well as his nominal patron Wladyslaw 1 Herman. In the absence of Sieciech and Boleslaw, who were captured by Hungarians and kept captive, Prince Wladyslaw 1 then undertook a penal expedition to Silesia, which was unsuccessful and subsequently obliged him to recognize Zbigniew as a legitimate heir. In 1093 Wladyslaw 1 signed an Act of Legitimization which granted Zbigniew the rights of descent from his line. Zbigniew was also granted the right to succeed to the throne. Following Sieciech and Boleslaw’s escape from Hungary, an expedition against Zbigniew was mounted by the Count Palatine. Its aim was to nullify the Act of Legitimization. The contestants met at the battle of Goplo in 1096, where Sieciech’s forces annihilated the supporters of Zbigniew. Zbigniew himself was taken prisoner, but regained his freedom a year later, in May 1097, due to the intervention of the bishops. At the same time his rights, guaranteed by the Act of Legitimization, were reinstated. Simultaneously a great migration of Jews from Western Europe to Poland began circa 1096, around the time of the First Crusade. The tolerant rule of Wladyslaw 1 Herman attracted the Jews who were permitted to settle throughout the entire kingdom without restrictions. The Polish prince, took great care of the Hebrew Diaspora, as he understood its positive influence on the growth of the country’s economy. The new Jewish citizens soon gained trust of the gentiles during the rule of Boleslaw 3. In view of his father’s disapproval, and after discovering the plans of Sieciech and Duchess Judith-Sophia to take over the country Zbigniew gained an ally in the young prince Boleslaw. Both brothers demanded that the reins of government should be handed over to them. It is difficult to believe, however, that Boleslaw was making independent decisions at this point as he was only 12 years of age. It is postulated that at this stage he was merely a pawn of the Baron’s power struggle. Wladyslaw 1 Herman, however, agreed to divide the realm between the brothers, each to be granted his own province while the Prince – Wladyslaw 1 himself – kept control of Mazovia and its capital at Plock. Wladyslaw also retained control of the most important cities i.e. Wroclaw, Kraków and Sandomierz. Zbigniew’s province encompassed Greater Poland including Gniezno, Kuyavia, Leczyca Land and Sieradz Land. Boleslaw’s territory included Lesser Poland, Silesia and Lubusz Land. The division of the country and the allowance of Boleslaw and Zbigniew to co-rule greatly alarmed Sieciech, who then began preparing to dispose of the brothers altogether. Sieciech understood that the division of the country would undermine his position. He initiated a military settlement of the issue and he gained the Prince’s support for it. The position of Wladyslaw 1 is seen as ambiguous as he chose to support Sieciech’s cause instead of his sons'. In response to Sieciech’s preparations Boleslaw and Zbigniew entered into an alliance. This took place at a popular assembly or Wiec organized in Wroclaw by a magnate named Skarbimir of the Awdaniec family. There it was decided to remove the current guardian of Boleslaw, a noble named Wojslaw who was a relative of Sieciech, and arrange for an expedition against the Palatine. Subsequently, in 1099, the armies of Count Palatine and Prince Herman encountered the forces of Zbigniew and Boleslaw near Zarnowiec by the river Pilica. There the forces of Boleslaw and Zbigniew defeated Sieciech's army, and Wladyslaw 1 Herman was obliged to permanently remove Sieciech from the position of Count Palatine. In the same year, at Christmas, Boles?aw concluded to short-lived peace with Bohemia. The agreement was concluded in Žatec. According to Cosmas, Boleslaw was appointed Miecznik (en: Sword-bearer) of his uncle Bretislaus 2, Duke of Bohemia. In addition, the young prince would be paid the amount of 100 pieces of fine silver and 10 talents of gold annually as a tribute to Bohemia (it was about the land of Silesia, for which he paid tribute to Wladyslaw 1). The rebel forces were then further directed towards Sieciechów, where the Palatine took refuge. Unexpectedly, Prince Wladyslaw came to the aid of his besieged favorite with a small force. At this point, the Princes decided to depose their father. The opposition sent Zbigniew with an armed contingent to Masovia, where he was to take control of Plock, while Boleslaw was directed to the South. The intention was the encirclement of their father, Prince Wladyslaw 1. The Prince predicted this maneuver and sent his forces back to Masovia. In the environs of Plock the battle was finally joined and the forces of Wladyslaw 1 were defeated. The Prince was thereafter forced to exile Sieciech from the country. The Palatine left Poland around 1100-1101. He was known to sojourn in the German lands. However, he eventually returned to Poland but did not play any political role again. He may have been blinded.	av Polen, Boleslav (Boleslaw) "Boleslav 3" (I3681)
2406	Boleslaw was married twice: 1. Zbyslava (c. 1085/90 – c. 1114), his first wife, was a member of the Rurikid dynasty. She was the daughter of Sviatopolk 2 Michael, Prince of Polotsk (1069–1071), of Novgorod (1078–88), of Turov (1088–1093) and Grand Prince of Kiev (1093–1113). The marriage was probably concluded in 1103 with the purpose to obtain future military help from Kiev in the fight against Zbigniew. This union also notoriously limited the attacks of the Princes of Galicia and Terebovlia against Poland. Until Zbyslava's death the relations between Poland and the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia remained friendly. Issue of Zbyslava of Kiev: 1.1. Wladyslaw 2 the Exile (1105 – 30 May 1159), the only son of Boleslaw and Zbyslava, was Prince of Kraków, Silesia, Sandomierz, eastern Greater Poland, Kuyavia, Western Pomerania and Gdansk Pomerania (1138–1146). Gallus Anonymous wrote that the heir of the Polish throne was born in the winter of 1107–08, but omitted the gender and name of the child. The Rocznik swietokrzyski and Rocznik kapitulny recorded Wladyslaw's birth in 1105. 1.2. A daughter (Judith?) (c. 1112 – after 1124), married in 1124 to Vsevolod Davidovich, Prince of Murom. Her filiation is doubtful, because in Russian chroniclers was only noted that Vsevolod's wife came from Poland; she probably could be either Boles?aw and Zbyslava's daughter or a member of the Awdaniec family as daughter of Skarbimir. 1.3. Older historiography attributed another child born from the marriage of Boleslaw and Zbyslava. In addition to Wladyslaw 2 and the unnamed daughter was also added an unnamed second son. Gallus Anonymous wrote that this son was born around 1107–1108. According to Oswald Balzer, he died shortly after birth. However, Karol Maleczynski believed that he never existed, pointed that probably the sources who provided the year of 1105 as Wladyslaw 2's date of birth (Rocznik swietokrzyski and Rocznik kapitulny) could be made a mistake. 2. Salomea (c. 1093/1101 – 27 July 1144), his second wife, was a German noblewoman. She was the daughter of Henry of Berg-Schelklingen, Count of Berg. The marriage took place in January or February 1115. This union was motivated by the current political situation, on the occasion of the signing of a peace treaty between Poland and Bohemia. Salomea came from a powerful and influential family, who, after the death of Emperor Henry V in 1125, as a result of the support of the opposition in Germany, lost their political influence at the court of Lothair 3. Issue of Salomea of Berg: 2.1. Leszek (1115/16 – 26 August before 1131), the eldest son of Boleslaw and Salomea. He probably died in infancy. 2.2. Ryksa (1116 – after 25 December 1156), eldest daughter of Boleslaw and Salomea, in 1127 she married with to Danish prince Magnus Nilsson, future King of Västergötland. This union was made to obtain Danish support for Poland in the war against Germany, but in 1134 Denmark took the side of Germany in the conflict. After Magnus' death in 1134, Ryksa returned to Poland. Later she married with Volodar Glebovich, Prince of Minsk and Hrodno; this marriage was concluded in order to obtain an ally in the Polish war against Hungary. Her third marriage was with King Sverker 1 of Sweden. 2.3. A daughter (before 1117/22 – after 1131), betrothed or married in 1131 to Conrad, Count of Plötzkau and Margrave of Nordmark. 2.4. Casimir, known in historiography as the Older (9 August 1122 – 19 October 1131), according to sources (like Rocznik kapituly krakowskiej), he died aged 9. Jan Dlugosz in his chronicle wrote that he was born from the marriage of Boleslaw and Adelaide, the Prince's supposed second wife. 2.5. Gertruda (1123/24 – 7 May 1160), a nun at Zwiefalten (1139). 2.6. Boleslaw 4 the Curly (c. 1125 – 5 January 1173), Prince of Masovia and Kuyavia (1138–46), of Kraków, Gniezno and Kalisz (1146–73), of Sandomierz (1166–73), married aged 12 with Viacheslava, daughter of Vsevolod, Prince of Pskov. Jan Dlugosz reported his birth in 1127 as the second son born from Boleslaw and Adelaide. 2.7 Mieszko 3 the Old (1126/27 – Kalisz, 13 March 1202), Duke of Greater Poland (1138–1202), of Kraków (1173–1177, 1190, 1199–1202), of Kalisz (1173–1202), of Upper Gdansk Pomerania (1173–1202) and Kuyavia (1195–1198), around 1136 married to Elizabeth, daughter of King Béla 2 of Hungary. The marriage was concluded as one of the provisions of the Congress of Merseburg. 2.8. Dobroniega (1129 – by 1160), after her father's death she was married by her mother Salomea around 1141–1142 to Theodoric 1, Margrave of Lusatia, who later repudiated her. 2.9. Judith (1130 – 8 July 1175), betrothed in 1136 to Prince Géza, son of King Béla 2 of Hungary; however the marriage never took place and in 1148 she married to Otto 1, Margrave of Brandenburg. 2.10. Henry (1131 – 18 October 1166), Duke of Sandomierz (1146–66), according to Jan Dlugosz he was born in 1132. Further mention of him was made in his chronicle by 1139, describing the division of the country in districts. Karol Maleczynski placed his birth between 1127 and 1131. During his father's lifetime Henry didn't play an important political role. He died in 1166 in battle against the Prussians, unmarried and childless. 2.11. Agnes (1137 – after 1182), around 1140–1141 she was a proposed bride to one of the sons of Grand Prince Vsevolod 2 of Kiev. This union was to ensure the support of Kiev in the dispute between Salomea's sons and Wladyslaw 2, their half-brother. At the end, the marriage never took place and she married around 1149–1151 to Mstislav 2, Prince of Pereyaslavl and Grand Prince of Kiev since 1168. 2.12. Casimir 2 the Just (1138 – 5 May 1194), Duke of Wislica (1166–73), of Sandomierz (1173–94) of Kraków (1177–1194), of Masovia and Kuyavia (1186–1194), for a long time considered a posthumous child, and for this reason not included in his father's testament. Older historiography attributed another 2 daughters from the marriage of Boleslaw and Salomea: Adelaide and Sophia. 2.13. Adelaide (c. 1114 - 25 March before 1132), was the first wife of Adalbert 2 the Pious, eldest son of Leopold 3, Margrave of Austria. Modern historians denies that she was a daughter of Boleslaw. 2.14. Sophia (d. 10 October 1136), was probably the mother of Mateusz, Bishop of Kraków. 3. In older historiography Adelaide, daughter of Emperor Henry 4, was erroneously considered as another wife of Boleslaw. The information about this stated that after the death of Zbyslava, Boleslaw married her in Bamberg in 1110. This report is provided by Jan Dlugosz and Archdiacon Sulger. This view was challenged by Oswald Balzer.	Family: Boleslav (Boleslaw) av Polen, "Boleslav 3" / Salome av Berg-Schelklingen (F2119)
2407	Bolgenschanze (norsk: Bolgenbakken) var en hoppbakke ved bydelen Davos Platz i Davos i Sveits. Bakken ble bygd i 1908, og var eid av Ski Club Davos. Det ble satt 2 verdensrekorder i bakken, begge av nordmenn. I åpningsrennet 28.februar 1909 hoppet Harald Smith 45 meter og slo sin egen verdensrekord fra Bardonecchia samme vinter med 2 meter. I det samme rennet falt broren Trygve Smith på et hopp på 48 meter. Den 2.mars 1913 sto Thorleif Knudsen på 48 meter. Dette hoppet regnes også av mange som verdensrekord, men norskamerikaneren Ragnar Omtvedt hadde allerede forbedret verdensrekorden til 51,5 meter i USA et par uker tidligere. Bakken ble utbygd rundt 1930. Under oppvisningshopping etter et internasjonalt renn 24.februar 1931 satte Sigmund Ruud verdensrekord med 81,5 meter. Etter et mislykket forsøk på å få til ei hoppuke sammen med St.Moritz og Arosa på 1950-tallet, samt manglende midler til å oppgradere bakken, falt den ut av bruk. Området brukes imidlertid fremdeles som alpinbakke.	Smith, Trygve (I957)
2408	Bonde eller husmann fra omkring 1580. Fra gammel tid hadde Sundli seter her. Sundlibonden gjerdet inn og hegnet setervoll og slætteland, og rundt 1580 fikk sønnen Colbein eller Colbanus ta fatt som rydningsmann på setervollen. Joen Erichson Jamt oppgir at Kolbeen tok fatt som rydningsmann på Rødningspladsen Sønliesætter. Plassen lå som eiendom under hjemgården Sundli. Navnet har også vært Colbeinsråa.	Sundli, Colben (Kolbeen) "Sønliesætter" (I13862)
2409	Bonde Mogens Jonsson, sønn til bonde Joen Olofsen og Marit Olofsdatter, i Faxnälden ved Östersund. Død 1580. Joen var født ca.1510 i Faxnälden, og døde i 1567 samme sted. Barn: Mogens, Nils og Olof (gift med datter av Mogens Blix).	Ørjansson Schancke, Mogens (I3143)
2410	Bondekaar og gaardbeboer afskediget sergeant, nyder almisse af Thomas Angels stiftelse.	Brun, Hans Christian (I16098)
2411	Bopel Bryn gård.	Wold, Otto Fredrik (I24338)
2412	Bopel er nevnt som Laurvigs Gade 2.	Nilsen, Bergitte (Birgithe) "Halvorsen" / "Larsen" (I15424)
2413	Bopel Sannergaden. Død plutselig av slag.	Nielsen Aasen, Hans (I7535)
2414	Bopel til foreldre: Aagebergveien 60. Fra dødsannonsen i Morgenbladet 6.februar 1872: Deltagende slægt og bekjendte meddeles herved, at vor kjære, lille Johan Fredrik Rosenberg, nær 2 aar gammel, hjemkaldtes af Herren, den 31te f.m. Christiania den 5te Februar 1872. Antonia Hoff, født Tjomsaas. L.E. Hoff.	Hoff, Johan Fredrik Rosenberg (I8688)
2415	Bopel ved død, Dronningens Gade 29. I Dødsfall i Norge 1840 - 1850 står det at madame Jentine K. (Gjentine Catharine), enke etter skolelærer Høyem, er født Maas. Hun etterlot seg 3 uforsørgede barn. Annonsen er satt inn av Hedevig S. og Arnt Hagen. Teksten fra annonsen i Adresseavisa 11.juni 1844: Efter Forsynets Willie henslumrede Enkemadame Jentine K. sal. Høyem, født Maas, blidt og roligt, efter en længere Tids Svaghed og tilsidst 5 Ugers Sygeleie, den 7de Dennes, i en Alder af 31 3/4 Aar, - efterlatende sig tvende uforsørgede Børn, som ikke skjønne Tabet af en kjer Moder og førhen savnet Fader. Dette tilkjendegives herved fraværende Slægt og Venner. Trondheim, den 10de Juni 1844. Hedevig S. Hagen Arnt Hagen.	Moss, Jentine Cathrine "Høyem" (I1163)
2416	Bopel ved død: 2558 N Hamlin Ave.	Larsen, Laura "Zinow" (I7564)
2417	Bopel ved død: Frydenberg. Fra dødsannonsen i Aftenposten 10.oktober 1898: Vor elskede moder Anne Sofie Hiorth, født Sommerfelt, døde af lungebetændelse imorges. Frydenberg, 6te oktober 1898. Børn og svigerbørn. Begravelsen finder sted tirsdag den 11te ds. fra sørgehuset kl. 1, ved østre Akers kirke kl. 2. I samme avis meldes det: Grundet Begravelse holdes mit Contor lukket imorgen fra Kl. 12. Christiania, 10de October 1898. A.Hiorth.	Sommerfeldt, Anne Sophie "Hiorth" (I14318)
2418	Bopel Vækkerøe. Død i barselseng med et dødfødt barn samme dag.	Carlsdatter Schøyen, Anne "Kent" (I6777)
2419	Bopel: Frydenberg af Hasle.	Hiorth, Adam Severin (I9775)
2420	Bopæl er oppgitt å være Uranienbor i Kristiania. Haralds dødsærsak oppgis å være mavebetennelse.	Brinchmann, Harald (I486)
2421	Bopæl ved død var Eilifstad. Andreas Aamodt er nevnt som tidligere sokneprest og enkemann.	Aamodt, Andreas (I10867)
2422	Bopæl ved døden Drammensv. 16. Hiorth døde av hjertesvikt under stortingssesjonen.	Hjorth, Otto Christian (I995)
2423	Bor her sammen med sin familie, foreldrene Johan Martin og Gyda Amalie Nedrelid, sine 8 søsken.	Nedrelid, Arnfinn (I557)
2424	Bor hjemme hos foreldrene i Akersgaden.	Bassøe, Thormod (I1006)
2425	Bor hjemme hos foreldrene sine på Nedre Baklandet 43.	Dybdahl, Berit "Holthe" / "Møller" (I15658)
2426	Bor hos sin onkel Lauritz Elfred Hoff og tante Antonia Nilsine Marie Hoff i Aakebergveien 60.	Christiansen, Ragnhild (I6992)
2427	Bor hos sine eldre fettere August Fredrik og Ludvig Peter Martin Mørk på deres gård Bakke i Frogn.	Mørch, Josephine Marie (I11870)
2428	Bor i 1885 hos sin søster Frederikke som er gift med Sæbefabrikant og Fabrikeier Franz Gauer.	Zinow, Johan Theodor (I442)
2429	Bor sammen med sin datter Louise i 1923.	Brinchmann, Ragnhild "Brinchmann-Hansen" (I393)
2430	Bor sammen med sin søster Caroline og hennes mann Walløe.	Hjorth, Mathilde Wilhelmine (I983)
2431	At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Living (I21179)
2432	Bor sammen med smed Johan Brummer (f.1791) og Carl Schroder (f.1802) under tellingen i 1819. Sistnevnte og Johan Vorass er smedlærlinger (Scmied Lehrl).	Vorass, Georg Johann Karl (I10125)
2433	Borgarar i Trondheim 1818: Arbeidere for Klædning og Pynt Skomagere Jens Fosling 7 mai 1792 Hans enke	Pedersen Fosling, Jens (I3030)
2434	Borgelig begravelse fra Lödöse museum.	Elfström, Roy Gunnar (I8332)
2435	Borgelig lysning foretatt 6.august i Groningen mellom Antonie de Coucheron og Kummerta Hermans, født i Groningen. Vielse 11.september?	Family: Antonie de Mauleon, "Cucheron" / Kummerta Hermans, "Coucheron" (F1661)
2436	Borgelig vielse.	Family: Knut Trondsen Sværen / Ingeborg Løtveit, "Sværen" (F1049)
2437	Borgelig vielse.	Family: Tharald Sværen / Hjørdis Nygård, "Sværen" (F3933)
2438	Borgelig vielse.	Family: Håkon Sværen / Laura Marie Eriksen, "Sværen" (F3934)
2439	Borgelig vielse.	Family: Finn Sværen / Kirsten Edith Mørsch, "Sværen" (F3935)
2440	Borgelig viet ved Bergen sorenskriverkontor ifølge notarialprotokollene 1911-1920.	Family: Sigurd Eggen / Anna Kristine (Christine) Oldenborg, "Faber" / "Eggen" (F9095)
2441	Borger i Skien 21.desember 1719, kjøpmann tillands og tilvanns, sageier og en av Skienfjordens største trelasteksportører. Skaffet seg brygge og sjøtomt i Porsgrunn. Tok tålmodig på seg alle byens ombud, men da magistraten valgte ham til den byrdefulle og krevende overformynderstilling i 1731, orket han ikke mer. Som utvei for å slippe ble han sokneprestens medhjelper. Han kunne og ville reise den friskole som presten strevde med for fattige barn. Slik ble det. Skolen sto ferdig 24.juni 1733. Ved Skiens brann natten til 10.november 1732 mistet han sitt hus med møbler og handelsvarer til en verdi av 1.000 riksdaler. Mot slutten av 1740 utstedte kong Christian 6. forbud mot å destillere brennvin pga uår og nød. Fra Ditmarsken lot han sende 1.000 tønner havre og 515 tønner bygg til fordeling for trengende i Nedre Telemark og Bamble fogderier. Til å motta kornet oppnevnte kongen bl.a. Ole Cudrio. Ole Cudrio tilhørte også rederne i byen. I 1740-1750-årene førte han selv sitt skip - De Jacob - mens han lot andre lede sitt andre fartøy - Cron Prinsesse Lovise - dertil eide han jordegods. Skatten 1743 nevnes Ole Pettersøn Cudrio, Kiøbmand, af hands Formue 2.130 riksdaler = 42 riksdaler 58 skilling. Self, 1 Dreng, 1 Pige, 1 Hæst, 1 Cariol = 29 riksdaler. Summa 71 riksdaler 58 skilling. Kilde: Norsk slektshistorisk tidsskrift (trykt utg.). 1965 Vol.20 Nr.2.	Pedersen Cudrio, Ole (I8188)
2442	Borger og innvåner John Gjertssøn i Trondheim utstedte et skrift 17.februar 1649, hvor han vedgår å være skyldig byens husarme 100 riksdaler, som var testamentert til dem fra hans salige farbror gullsmed Arend Johansøn. Dokumentet er også underskrevet av broren Christen og stefaren Lauritz. Det ble lest for retten på Trondheims rådstue 15.oktober samme år. Det gikk trått med å betale rentene for disse pengene. Det ble stadig betalt små beløp, og iblant ble rente ettergitt, men til sist heter det: Handskrift fra Mette Erichsdtr Sl. Johan Gertsøns paa 100 Rdr. dt. Martini 1663. Johan døde en gang mellom oktober 1659 og mars 1663.	Gjertsen, Johan (I8914)
2443	Borgermester Peder Baad står som eier i 1685. Baads arvinger solgte gården til brukeren Ole Bjugsen i 1707. Kilde: http://www.gamlegjerpen.no/Bygdebok/Skilbred/SkilbredGml.htm	Jacobsen Baad, Peder (I8814)
2444	Borgestuen	Eriksen Bettumeie, Olaus (I11307)
2445	Borivoj 1 was the first historically-documented Duke of Bohemia (c.870 – c.889) and founder of the Premyslid dynasty. As the head of the Premyslids who dominated the environs of present-day Prague, Borivoj declared himself kníže - in Latin dux, which means sovereign prince - around the year 870 A.D. His title was later translated by German scholars as "duke" of the Bohemians (Czechs). Although the German dukes of the era held the same title, the meaning of his title was in fact completely different. In contrast to the German dukes, the Czech dux denoted a sovereign ruler. Borivoj was recognised as such around 872 by his overlord Svatopluk I of Great Moravia, who dispatched Bishop Methodius to begin the conversion of the Bohemian Slavs to Christianity. Borivoj and his wife Ludmila were baptised by Methodius (probably in 883), and the latter became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Borivoj's subjects. In the years 883-884 Borivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his kinsman Strojmír. He was restored in 885 only with the support of his suzerain Svatopluk of Moravia. When Borivoj died about 4 years later, his sons still minors, Svatopluk took over the rule of Bohemia himself. As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Borivoj is a shadowy figure; exact dates for his reign and vital statistics cannot be established. Nonetheless, several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time. In old Czech legends he is said to have been son of a Bohemian prince named Hostivít.	av Böhmen, Borivoj (Borzivoj) "Borivoj 1." (I12078)
2446	Born in Norway and came to America in 1909.	Hågensen, Fred "Hagen" (I4619)
2447	Bosatt i Innheredsveien 1 B. Fetter bokholder Arnold Guttelvik har samme adresse.	Eide, Johan Finn (I604)
2448	Bosatt i Mobile, USA.	Family: Jean Louis Ramm / Augusta Marie Rode, "Ramm" (F4067)
2449	Bosatt i Persaunveien 1.	Eide, Johan Finn (I604)
2450	Bosatt på Austråt.	Arnesen på Giske, Finn "på Austråt" (I3612)